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Aisin Gioro is the last name of a Chinese noble family and imperial clan of Manchu emperors of the Qing dynasty. The House of Aisin Gioro ruled China from 1644 until the Xinhai Revolution of 1911-12, which established a republican government in its place. The word ''aisin'' means ''gold'' in the Manchu language, and "gioro" is the name of the place in present-day Yilan, Heilongjiang Province. In Manchu custom, families are identified first by their ''Hala'' (哈拉), i.e. their family or clan name, and then by ''Mukūn'' (穆昆), the more detailed classification, typically referring to individual families. In the case of Aisin Gioro, Aisin is the ''Mukūn'', and Gioro is the ''Hala''. Other members of the Gioro clan include Irgen Gioro (伊尔根觉罗), Susu Gioro (舒舒觉罗) and Sirin Gioro (西林觉罗). The Jin dynasty (''jin'' means gold in Chinese) of the Jurchens, ancestors of the Manchus, was known as ''aisin gurun'', and the Qing dynasty was initially named (40px) ''amaga aisin gurun,'' or Later Jin dynasty. Since the fall of the Empire, a number of members of the family have changed their surnames to ''Jin'' () since it has the same meaning as "Aisin". For example, Puyi's younger brother changed his name from Aisin-Gioro Puren (愛新覺羅溥任) to Jin Youzhi (金友之) and his children in turn are surnamed Jin. ==Family generation names== Before the founding of the Qing dynasty, the naming of children in the Aisin Gioro clan was essentially arbitrary and followed no particular rules. The Manchu people originally did not use generation names before they moved into China proper; prior to the Shunzhi era, children of the imperial clan were given only a Manchu-language name, for example Dorgon. After taking control of China, however, the family gradually incorporated Han Chinese naming conventions. During the reign of the Kangxi Emperor, all of Kangxi's sons were to be named with a generation prefix preceding the given name. There were three characters initially used, Cheng (承), Bao (保), and Chang (长), before finally settling on Yin (胤) over a decade into Kangxi's reign. The generation prefix of the Yongzheng Emperor's sons switched from Fu (福) to Hong (弘). Following Yongzheng, the Qianlong Emperor decreed that all subsequent male offspring would have a generation prefix placed in their name according to a Generation Poem, for which the Qianlong Emperor composed the first four characters, ''yong-mian-yi-zai'' (永綿奕載). Moreover, direct descendants of the emperor will often share a similar radical or meaning in the final character. A common radical was shared in the second character of the first name of royals who were in line to the throne, however, royals who were not in line to the throne did not necessarily share the radical in their name. In one case, the Yongzheng Emperor changed the generation code of his brothers as a way of keeping his own name unique. Such practices apparently ceased to exist after the Daoguang Era. Subsequent: Qi 启, Dao 焘, Kai 闿, Zeng 增, Qi 祺 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Aisin Gioro」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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